But if your primary school age child is behaving this way and has an itchy bum, pinworm may be the culprit. There are many reasons for a child to be tired and cranky. One in three people are infected with _Toxoplasma_ parasite – and the clue could be in our eyes Pinworm infection can cause intense itching. This becomes very painful and can result in lost sleep and a very tired and cranky child. They can make a child scratch so much they cause skin inflammation called puritis. The eggs are so light they can infest pyjamas, bed clothes, the bedroom and in long term infections they are found in house dust (though studies suggest these eggs are not viable beyond one week). Most often they go to the scratching child’s mouth where they can be swallowed and start another infection, known as an “auto infection”. When the eggs are scratched off onto the hands or under the nails they can be transferred to other children at home or at school, or to adults. The worm’s life cycle actually depends on the child or adult scratching their bum. This is what causes even more irritation and itching. But the biggest issue is caused by eggs that are stuck onto the perianal skin with an irritating glue. When the female wriggles out of the gut to lay her eggs around the anus – usually early in the morning – it can cause irritation. The problem isn’t usually the adult worms, which live in the caecum (a pouch where the small and large intestines meet) for up to two months. Love the parasite you're with - the entertaining life of unwelcome guests from flea circuses to Aliens Pinworms have been associated with some other conditions including types of appendicitis, vaginitis and urethral infections but these are not common outcomes. They can also infect adults though usually with less negative effects. ![]() They live in humans worldwide, mostly in children between four and 11 years old. These worms are white and thread-like with females measuring up to 13 milimetres long.
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